我(wo)們(men)都知道，屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)防水這一(yi)工(gong)作(zuo)是相當重要的，不(bu)僅是對于(yu)樓層(ceng)的頂(ding)(ding)樓，對于(yu)自建房(fang)或者別(bie)墅居(ju)住者來說，更(geng)是如此。因為一(yi)旦(dan)屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)防水工(gong)作(zuo)施(shi)工(gong)不(bu)到(dao)位或者根(gen)本沒(mei)有完成，對于(yu)南方地區來說，梅雨季節往往會使(shi)正(zheng)常(chang)的生(sheng)活受到(dao)很大程度的影響，可能會發生(sheng)屋(wu)面滴水甚至漏水的情(qing)況。那(nei)么(me)，具體(ti)而言，屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)防水怎么(me)做?具體(ti)的步驟(zou)是怎么(me)樣的呢?

一、施工(gong)前的技術(shu)準備工(gong)作

屋(wu)面(mian)工程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工前，施(shi)(shi)工單位應組織技術(shu)管理人員會審屋(wu)面(mian)工程(cheng)(cheng)圖紙，掌握(wo)施(shi)(shi)工圖中的(de)細部構造及有(you)關技術(shu)要求并根(gen)據工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實際情況編制屋(wu)面(mian)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工方案或(huo)技術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。這樣(yang)避(bi)免施(shi)(shi)工后留下(xia)缺陷，造成(cheng)返工，同(tong)時工程(cheng)(cheng)依據施(shi)(shi)工組織有(you)計劃地(di)展(zhan)開(kai)施(shi)(shi)工，防止工作(zuo)遺(yi)漏、錯亂、顛倒影(ying)響工程(cheng)(cheng)質量。

二、對施工(gong)人員及施工(gong)程(cheng)序的要求

屋(wu)面工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)必須(xu)由防(fang)水(shui)(shui)專業(ye)隊伍(wu)或防(fang)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，嚴(yan)禁沒有資質等級(ji)證書的(de)(de)單(dan)位和非防(fang)水(shui)(shui)專業(ye)隊伍(wu)或非防(fang)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)屋(wu)面工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，建設(she)單(dan)位或監理公司(si)應認(ren)真地檢查(cha)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)上崗證。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位應按施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序、層次(ci)(ci)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)質量的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)檢、自(zi)(zi)查(cha)、自(zi)(zi)糾并且做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記錄，監理單(dan)位做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)每步工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)驗收工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，驗收合格(ge)后方(fang)可進(jin)(jin)行(xing)下道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序、層次(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)。

三(san)、對防(fang)水材料的質(zhi)量(liang)要求

屋(wu)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)程所采用(yong)的防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)應有材(cai)料(liao)質量(liang)證明(ming)文件(jian)，并經(jing)指(zhi)定質量(liang)檢測(ce)部門認(ren)證，確保其質量(liang)符合(he)(he)《屋(wu)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)程技(ji)術規(gui)范》(GB50207—94)或國家有關標準的要求。防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)進入施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場后應附有出(chu)廠(chang)檢驗(yan)報(bao)告單(dan)及出(chu)廠(chang)合(he)(he)格(ge)證，并注(zhu)明(ming)生產(chan)日(ri)期(qi)、批號、規(gui)格(ge)、名稱。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位應按(an)規(gui)定取樣復(fu)檢,取樣復(fu)檢嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)見證取樣送樣制度(du)，在建設(she)單(dan)位代表(biao)或監理單(dan)位人員(yuan)見證下，由施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)在現(xian)場抽(chou)樣，送到試(shi)驗(yan)室進行試(shi)驗(yan)。經(jing)復(fu)檢合(he)(he)格(ge),提(ti)交(jiao)復(fu)檢試(shi)驗(yan)報(bao)告合(he)(he)格(ge)單(dan)后方可在防水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)程中應用(yong)。嚴(yan)禁在工(gong)(gong)程中使(shi)用(yong)不合(he)(he)格(ge)的防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)，不合(he)(he)格(ge)材(cai)料(liao)一經(jing)發(fa)現(xian)應即刻全(quan)部撤(che)離施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場。

四、屋面(mian)防(fang)水施工要點

1、施工的環境要(yao)求

為了保(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)以(yi)及卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)鋪貼的質量，宜在+50C～+350C氣溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong);高聚物改性瀝青以(yi)及高分子防(fang)水卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)不(bu)宜在負溫(wen)(wen)以(yi)下(xia)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，熱熔法鋪貼卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)可以(yi)在-100C以(yi)上的氣溫(wen)(wen)條(tiao)件下(xia)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，這種卷(juan)材(cai)(cai)耐(nai)低溫(wen)(wen)，在負溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)不(bu)易被凍壞(huai)。雨、雪、霜(shuang)、霧，或大氣濕度過大，以(yi)及大風天氣均不(bu)宜露(lu)天作(zuo)業，否則應采取相應的技術措施(shi)(shi)。

2、對屋(wu)面排水坡度的要求

平(ping)屋面的排水坡(po)(po)度為(wei)2%～3%，當坡(po)(po)度小于(yu)等于(yu)2%時(shi)，宜選用材料找坡(po)(po);當坡(po)(po)度大于(yu)3%時(shi)，宜選用結(jie)構找坡(po)(po)。天溝(gou)、檐溝(gou)的縱向坡(po)(po)度不應小于(yu)1%，溝(gou)底落差不得(de)超過200mm。水落口周圍直徑500mm范圍內坡(po)(po)度不應小于(yu)5%。

其實，總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來說(shuo)，屋頂防水(shui)(shui)這(zhe)個(ge)流程并不會特別(bie)困難，但是其中的(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)(mei)一個(ge)步(bu)驟(zou)卻都需(xu)要(yao)(yao)保持足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐心，而且也要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)把控好每(mei)(mei)個(ge)細節。屋頂防水(shui)(shui)工(gong)作主要(yao)(yao)由施(shi)工(gong)前準備(bei)、施(shi)工(gong)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關要(yao)(yao)求、防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)質量要(yao)(yao)求以及具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)步(bu)驟(zou)這(zhe)四(si)個(ge)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)，其中，重(zhong)中之重(zhong)便是防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)把控，因(yin)為(wei)如(ru)今(jin)市(shi)場上仍然存在(zai)不合格(ge)防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，所(suo)以我們需(xu)要(yao)(yao)對防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)多加重(zhong)視。相信這(zhe)些步(bu)驟(zou)都完(wan)成，應(ying)該(gai)能夠成功做好屋頂防水(shui)(shui)工(gong)作。